Gordon R. Clysdale1,2,3
M, #73192, b. 26 December 1890
- Father*: Samuel J. Clysdale2 b. 28 Sep 1849, d. 25 Mar 1933
- Mother*: Edith L. Brightwell2 b. 20 Nov 1868
Arthur B. Clysdale1
M, #73193, b. 1 May 1894
- Father*: Samuel J. Clysdale1 b. 28 Sep 1849, d. 25 Mar 1933
- Mother*: Edith L. Brightwell1 b. 20 Nov 1868
- Birth*: 1 May 1894; Moore Twp., Lambton Co., Ontario; Date May 1 1894 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census.1
- Census*: April 1901; Moore Twp., Lambton Co., Ontario; Age 6 at 1901 Census: see Samuel Clysdale1
Citations
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Earle S. Clysdale1
M, #73194, b. 10 July 1897
- Father*: Samuel J. Clysdale1 b. 28 Sep 1849, d. 25 Mar 1933
- Mother*: Edith L. Brightwell1 b. 20 Nov 1868
- Birth*: 10 July 1897; Moore Twp., Lambton Co., Ontario; Date Jul 10 1897 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census.1
- Census*: April 1901; Moore Twp., Lambton Co., Ontario; Age 3 at 1901 Census: see Samuel Clysdale1
Citations
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Keith B. Clysdale1
M, #73195, b. 15 August 1900
- Father*: Samuel J. Clysdale1 b. 28 Sep 1849, d. 25 Mar 1933
- Mother*: Edith L. Brightwell1 b. 20 Nov 1868
- Birth*: 15 August 1900; Moore Twp., Lambton Co., Ontario; Date Aug 15 1900 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census.1
- Census*: April 1901; Moore Twp., Lambton Co., Ontario; Age - at 1901 Census: see Samuel Clysdale1
Citations
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Elizabeth Borland1
F, #73196, b. 3 September 1859
- Father*: John S. Borland b. 24 Jan 1824, d. 12 Mar 1896
- Mother*: Annie Richmond b. 30 Jan 1824, d. 27 Oct 1889
- Birth*: 3 September 1859; Asphodel Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Date Sep 3 1859 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census. Date 1861 & location Ont. per 1891 Census. Date 1858 & location Asphodel Twp. per marr. reg'n.1,2,3
- Marriage*: 19 March 1890; Otonabee Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#009984: Groom: William Clysdale; Age: 36; Res. & Born: Dummer Twp.; Status: widower; Occ.: farmer; Parents: John & Eliza Clysdale; Bride: Elizabeth Borland; Age: 32; Res.: Otonobee Twp.; Born: Asphodel Twp.; Status: spinster; Parents: John S. & Ann Borland; Wit.: Mary H. Ward, Villiers & David Taylor, Warsau; Date: Mar 19 1890; Place: Otonabee Twp.; Rel.: Meth.; Performed by: Rev. Jas. McFarlane (Ontario Marriage Registration, #009984-1890, ancestry.com); Principal=William Clysdale4
- Married Name: 19 March 1890; Clysdale1
- Census: April 1891; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 30 at 1891 Census: see William Clysdale3
- Census*: April 1901; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 40 at 1901 Census: see William Clysdale2
Family: William Clysdale b. 14 Oct 1850, d. 23 Feb 1920
- Ann Eillane Clysdale5 b. 5 May 1891
- William John Stewart Clysdale2 b. 10 May 1893
- Margaret E. Clysdale2 b. 11 Jun 1896
- Milton Noble Clysdale2 b. 17 Aug 1899
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S6] Unknown author, 1891 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm, #009984-1890.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives.
Margaret Graham1
F, #73197, b. 1865, d. 12 August 1888
- Father*: Richard Graham1 b. 24 May 1820, d. 13 Jun 1907
- Mother*: Sarah Freeborn1 b. 4 Mar 1834, d. 15 Oct 1917
- Birth*: 1865; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Date 1865 & location Smith per Death Reg'n. Date 1865 & location Ont. per 1881 Census. Date 1865 & location Cda. per marr. reg'n.1,2,3
- Marriage*: 25 February 1885; Lakefield, Peterborough Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#009672: Groom: William Clysdale; Age: 31; Res.: Dummer Twp.; Born: Cda.; Status: bachelor; Occ.: farmer; Parents: John & Eliza Clysdale; Bride: Margaret Graham; Age: 20; Res.: Smith Twp.; Born: Cda.; Status: spinster; Parents: Richard & Sarah Graham; Wit.: Stephen Harrison, Smith; Date: Feb 25 1885; Place: Lakefield; Rel.: Pres. & Meth.; Performed by: Rev. N. Clark (Ontario Marriage Registration, #009672-1885, ancestry.com); Principal=William Clysdale4
- Death*: 12 August 1888; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Death Reg'n.#014898: Name: Margaret Ann Clysdale; Date: Aug 12 1888; Age: 23 yrs.; Born: Smith. Ont.; Cause: childbirth, 7 days; Inf.: Ellen Victoria Northey?, sister, Dummer; Reg'd.: Aug 13 1888; reg'r.: Wm. Darling (Ontario Death Registration, #014898-1888, ancestry.com)5
- Census*: April 1881; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 16 at 1881 Census: see Richard Graham3
- Residence*: 25 February 1885; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Residence Smith Twp. per marr. reg'n.1
- Married Name: 25 February 1885; Clysdale1
Family: William Clysdale b. 14 Oct 1850, d. 23 Feb 1920
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives.
- [S16] Unknown author, 1881 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm, #009672-1885.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives, #014898-1888.
Richard Graham1
M, #73198, b. 24 May 1820, d. 13 June 1907
- Birth*: 24 May 1820; Ireland; Date 1820 & location Ireland per Death Reg'n. Date 1820 & location Ireland per 1881 Census. Date may 24 1820 & location Ireland per family tree of kimfreeborn1 on ancestry.com, Jan 3 2010. per marriage reg'n. of daughter Margaret (Graham) Clysdale.1,2,3,4
- Marriage*: before 1854; Ontario; per 1881 Census. per marriage reg'n. of daughter Margaret (Graham) Clysdale.; Principal=Sarah Freeborn1,4
- Death*: 13 June 1907; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Death Reg'n.#024999: Name: Richard Graham; Date: Jun 13 1907; Age: 86 yrs.; Res.: Smith Twp.; Occ.: Retired farmer; Status; married; Born: Ireland; Phys.: Dr. J. R. Fraser; Rel.: Meth.; Reg'd.: Jun 15 1907; Reg'r.: F. t. Bell (Ontario Death Registration, #024999-1907, ancestry.com)
Date Jun 13 1907 & location Smith Twp. per family tree of kimfreeborn1 on ancestry.com, Jan 3 2010.2,5
- Census*: April 1881; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 61 at 1881 Census: Graham, Richard, 61, b. Ireland, Irish, C. Meth., farmer, married; Sarah, 48, b. Ont., Irish, C. Meth., married; Richard, 26, b. Ont., Irish, CM, farmer, single; Sarah J., 22; Margaret, 16; Alexander, 10; Bertie, 4 (1881 Census: Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., dist. 126, sub-dist. C-2, pg. 34, line 8 - ancestry.com)4
Family: Sarah Freeborn b. 4 Mar 1834, d. 15 Oct 1917
- Richard Graham4 b. 1855
- Sarah J. Graham4 b. 1859
- Ellen Victoria Graham2 b. 9 Mar 1860, d. 18 Jul 1941
- Margaret Graham1 b. 1865, d. 12 Aug 1888
- Bert Graham2 b. 21 Sep 1870, d. 27 Feb 1945
- Alexander Graham4 b. 1871
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
- [S83] Ancestry.ca, online unknown url.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives.
- [S16] Unknown author, 1881 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives, #024999-1907.
Sarah Freeborn1,2,3
F, #73199, b. 4 March 1834, d. 15 October 1917
- Birth*: 4 March 1834; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Date 1833 & location Ont. per 1881 Census. Date Mar 4 1834 & location Smith Twp. per family tree of kimfreeborn1 on ancestry.com, Jan 3 2010. per marriage reg'n. of daughter Margaret (Graham) Clysdale.2,3,4
- Marriage*: before 1854; Ontario; per 1881 Census. per marriage reg'n. of daughter Margaret (Graham) Clysdale.; Principal=Richard Graham2,4
- Death*: 15 October 1917; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Date Oct 15 1917 & location Smith Twp. per family tree of kimfreeborn1 on ancestry.com, Jan 3 2010.3
- Married Name: before 1854; Graham2
- Census*: April 1881; Smith Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 48 at 1881 Census: see Richard Graham4
Family: Richard Graham b. 24 May 1820, d. 13 Jun 1907
- Richard Graham4 b. 1855
- Sarah J. Graham4 b. 1859
- Ellen Victoria Graham3 b. 9 Mar 1860, d. 18 Jul 1941
- Margaret Graham2 b. 1865, d. 12 Aug 1888
- Bert Graham3 b. 21 Sep 1870, d. 27 Feb 1945
- Alexander Graham4 b. 1871
Ann Eillane Clysdale1,2,3,4
F, #73200, b. 5 May 1891
- Father*: William Clysdale2 b. 14 Oct 1850, d. 23 Feb 1920
- Mother*: Elizabeth Borland2 b. 3 Sep 1859
- Birth*: 5 May 1891; Dummer Twp., Warsaw, Peterborough Co., Ontario; Birth Reg'n.#032452: Name: Annie ?Eillane? Clysdale; Date: May 5 1891; Parents: William Clysdale & Elizabeth Borland; Inf.: Wm Clysdale, farmer, Warsaw, Dummer; Reg'd.: May 26 1891; Phys.: Dr. Couch; Reg'r.: James Janes? (Ontario Birth Registration, #032452-1891, ancestry.com)
Date May 5 1891 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census. per Death Reg'n. of father William Clysdale.2,3,5
- Census: April 1901; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 9 at 1901 Census: see William Clysdale3
- Census*: 23 February 1920; Dummer Twp., Warsaw, Peterborough Co., Ontario; Informant for Death Reg'n. of her father William Clysdale.2
Citations
- Annie ?Eillane? Clysdale per Birth Reg'n. Ann E. per 1901 Census. Elizabeth per Death Reg'n. of father William Clysdale.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives.
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth).
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth), #032452-1891.
William John Stewart Clysdale1,2,3
M, #73201, b. 10 May 1893
- Father*: William Clysdale2 b. 14 Oct 1850, d. 23 Feb 1920
- Mother*: Elizabeth Borland2 b. 3 Sep 1859
- Birth*: 10 May 1893; Dummer Twp., Warsaw, Peterborough Co., Ontario; Birth Reg'n.#026942: Name: Wm. John Stewart Clysdale; Date: May 10 1893; Parents: Wm. W. Clysdale & Eliza Borland; Inf.: Wm. Clysdale, farmer, Warsaw, father; Reg'd.: May 23 1893; Phys.: Dr. Couch; Reg'r.: James ??Jan?? (Ontario Birth Registration, #026942-1893, ancestry.com) Date May 10 1893 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census.2,4
- Census*: April 1901; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 7 at 1901 Census: see William Clysdale2
Citations
- William John Stewart Clysdale per Birth Reg'n. William J. per 1901 Census.
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth).
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth), #026942-1893.
Margaret E. Clysdale1
F, #73202, b. 11 June 1896
- Father*: William Clysdale1 b. 14 Oct 1850, d. 23 Feb 1920
- Mother*: Elizabeth Borland1 b. 3 Sep 1859
- Birth*: 11 June 1896; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Date Jun 11 1896 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census.1
- Census*: April 1901; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 4 at 1901 Census: see William Clysdale1
Citations
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Milton Noble Clysdale1,2,3
M, #73203, b. 17 August 1899
- Father*: William Clysdale2 b. 14 Oct 1850, d. 23 Feb 1920
- Mother*: Elizabeth Borland2 b. 3 Sep 1859
- Birth*: 17 August 1899; Dummer Twp., Warsaw, Peterborough Co., Ontario; Birth Reg'n.#032229: Name: MIlton Noble Clysdale; Date: Aug 17 1899; Parents: William Clysdale & Elizabeth Borland; Inf.: Wm. Clysdale, farmer, Dummer Twp.; Phys.: Dr. J. Couch; Reg'd.: Sep 4 1899; Reg'r.: James ?Jane? (Ontario Birth Registration, #032229-1899, ancestry.com) Date Aug 17 1899 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census. Date Aug 17 1899 & location Warsaw per WWI Attestation Paper.2,3,4
- Census*: April 1901; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 1 at 1901 Census: see William Clysdale2
- Residence*: 13 January 1917; Norwood, Peterborough Co., Ontario; WWI Attestation Paper: Name: Milton Noble Clysdale; Res.: Norwood; Born: Aug 17 1899, Warsaw; Kin: William Clysdale, Norwood, father; Born: Occ.: student; Married: no (ancestry.com)3
Citations
- Milton Noble Clysdale per WWI Attestation Paper. Milton N. per 1901 Census.
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S83] Ancestry.ca, online unknown url.
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth), #032229-1899.
Wiinifred Irene "Winnie" Clysdale1,2,3
F, #73204, b. 11 October 1892
- Mother*: Agnes Ellen Clysdale b. 4 May 1875
- Birth*: 11 October 1892; Asphodel Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Birth Reg'n.#502478: Name: Winnifred Irene Clysdale; Date: Oct 11 1892; Place: Asphodel Twp.; Parents: - & Agnes Ellen Clysdale, 17, b. Ont., Asphodel Twp.; Inf.: Winnifred Irene Moote, RR#4 Dunnville; Reg'd.: Oct 16 1959 (Ontario Late Birth Registration, #502478-1959, ancestry.com) Date Oct 11 1892 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census.2,4
- Census*: April 1901; Asphodel Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 8 at 1901 Census: see George Clysdale (brother)2
Citations
- Winnifred Irene Clysdale per Birth Reg'n. Winnie per 1901 Census.
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth).
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth), #502478-1959.
Mary Ann Davidson1
F, #73205, b. 1890
- Father*: Thomas Davidson b. c 1865
- Mother*: Ellen Tudhope b. c 1865
- Birth*: 1890; Ontario; Date 1890 per marr. reg'n.1
- Marriage*: 31 October 1911; Asphodel Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#011959: Groom: James Wesley Clysdale; Age: 31; Res.: Asphodel Twp.; Status: bachelor; Occ.: farmer; Rel.: Meth.; Parents: Alexander Clysdale, father & Elizabeth Shearer; Bride: Mary Ann Davidson; Age: 21; Res.: Asphodel Twp.; Status: spinster; Rel.: Pres.; Parents: Thomas Davidson, farmer & Ellen Ludhope; Wit.: Archie R. Davidson & Jessie Davidson, Asphodel Twp.; Date: Oct 31 1911; Place: Home of Thos. Davidson, Asphodel Twp.; Performed by: D. D. McDonald, Keene; Sworn: Peterboro, Oct 28 1911 (Ontario Marriage Registration, #011959-1911, ancestry.com); Principal=James Wesley Clysdale2
- Residence*: 31 October 1911; Asphodel Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Residence Asphodel Twp. per marr. reg'n.1
- Married Name: 31 October 1911; Clysdale1
Family: James Wesley Clysdale b. 6 Mar 1880
Edith Mable Mills1
F, #73206, b. 1884
- Father*: John Mills b. c 1845
- Mother*: Sarah Ann Brigham b. c 1845
- Birth*: 1884; Ontario; Date 1884 per marr. reg'n.1
- Marriage*: 28 June 1911; Blyth, Huron Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#005932: Groom: Fred Ernest Clysdale; Age: 27; Res.: Malden Twp.; Status: bachelor; Occ.: Clergyman; Rel.: Meth.; Bride: Edith Mable Mills; Age: 27; Res.: Blyth; Stats: spinster; Rel.: Meth.; Parents: John Mills, farmer & Sarah Ann Brigham; Wit.: H. L. Clysdale, Mooretown & O. F. Brigham, Londesboro; Date: Jun 28 1911; Place: Blyth; Performed by: C. Kain, Granton; Sworn: Sarnia, Jun 26 1911; Reg'r.: Elen T. Bates, Sarnia (Ontario Marriage Registration, #005932-1911, ancestry.com); Principal=Frederick Ernest Clysdale2
- Married Name: 28 June 1911; Clysdale1
Family: Frederick Ernest Clysdale b. 28 Feb 1884
Nathan Bell1
M, #73207, b. 1859
- Father*: Jacob Bell1 b. c 1825
- Mother*: Sarah ?1 b. c 1825
- Birth*: 1859; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Date 1859 & location Dummer Twp. per marr. reg'n.1
- Marriage*: 3 April 1889; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#009764: Groom: Nathan Bell; Age: 30; Res.: Asphodel Twp.; Born: Dummer Twp.; Status: bachelor; Occ.: farmer; Parents: Jacob & Sarah Bell; Bride: Harriet Clysdale; Age: 27; Res. & Born: Dummer Twp.; Status: spinster; Parents: John & Eliza Clysdale; Wit.: Theres Wigmore, Dummer & Thomas Drau, Norwood; Date: Apr 3 1899; Place: Dummer Twp.; Rel.: Meth; Performed by: J. S. Clark, Norwood (Ontario Marriage Registration, #009764-1899, ancestry.com); Principal=Harriet Clysdale2
- Residence*: 3 April 1889; Asphodel Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Residence Asphodel Twp. per marr. reg'n.1
Family: Harriet Clysdale b. 1858
Jacob Bell1
M, #73208, b. circa 1825
- Birth*: circa 1825; per marriage reg'n. of son Nathan Bell.1
- Marriage*: before 1855; per marriage reg'n. of son Nathan Bell.; Principal=Sarah ?1
Family: Sarah ? b. c 1825
- Nathan Bell1 b. 1859
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
Sarah ?1
F, #73209, b. circa 1825
- Birth*: circa 1825; per marriage reg'n. of son Nathan Bell.1
- Marriage*: before 1855; per marriage reg'n. of son Nathan Bell.; Principal=Jacob Bell1
- Married Name: before 1855; Bell1
Family: Jacob Bell b. c 1825
- Nathan Bell1 b. 1859
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
Mary Ann Rutherford1,2,3
F, #73210, b. September 1880
- Father*: George Rutherford3 b. c 1850
- Mother*: Isabella C. Moore3 b. c 1850
- Birth*: September 1880; Duoro Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Date Sep 1880 & location Ont. per 1911 Census. Date 1881 & location Duoro Twp. per marr. reg'n.2,3
- Marriage*: 11 November 1902; Dummer Twp., Warsaw, Peterborough Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#014431: Groom: William Henry Clysdale; Age: 23; Res.: Dummer Twp.; Born: Minnesota, USA; Status: bachelor; Occ.: farmer; Parents: John Clysdale & Jane Palin; Bride: Mary Ann Rutherford; Age: 21; Res. & Born: Duoro Twp.; Status: spinster; Parents: George Rutherford & Isabella C. Moore; Wit.: John Noble Clysdale, Dummer Twp. & Eliza Jane Rutherford, Duoro Twp.; Date: Nov 11 1902; Place: Warsaw; Rel.: Pres.; Performed by: Rev. W. A. Atkinson; Reg'd.: Nov 12 1902; Reg'r.: Richard Deen (Ontario Marriage Registration, #014431-1902, ancestry.com) per 1911 Census.; Principal=William Henry Clysdale2,4
- Residence*: 11 November 1902; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Residence Dummer Twp. per marr. reg'n.3
- Married Name: 11 November 1902; Clysdale2
- Census*: 1911; Dummer Twp., Peterborough Co., Ontario; Age 29 at 1911 Census: see William Clysdale2
Family: William Henry Clysdale b. 19 Jul 1879
Manson Weldon Pearsall1
M, #73212, b. 25 November 1892
- Father*: Manly Pearsall1 b. 29 Mar 1856, d. 7 Aug 1923
- Mother*: Theresa Ester Clysdale1 b. 22 Apr 1861, d. 17 Feb 1914
- Birth*: 25 November 1892; Glamorgan Twp., Haliburton Co., Ontario; Birth Reg'n.#011919: Name: Manson Weldon Pearsall; Date: Nov 25 1892; Parents: Manly Pearsall & Theresa Clysdale; Inf.: Manly Pearsall, Glamorgan; Reg'd.: Jan 16 1893; Reg'r.: J. W. Gould (Ontario Birth Registration, #011919-1893, ancestry.com)2