James M. Ferris1
M, #69223, b. 11 July 1899
- Father*: John Berry Ferris1 b. 26 Oct 1859, d. 25 Jul 1920
- Mother*: Ida McCrudden1 b. 18 Aug 1862
- Birth*: 11 July 1899; Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Birth Reg'n.#027164: Name: J. M. Ferris; Date: Jul 11 1899; Parents: John B. Ferris & Ida McCrudden; Inf.: John B. Ferris, Merchant, Campbellford; Phys.: John Macoun; Reg'd.: Apr 3 1899; Reg'r.: John Graham (Ontario Birth Registration, #027164-1899, ancestry.com) Date Jul 11 1899 & location Ont. urban per 1901 Census. Date Jul 11 1899 & location Campbellford per GEDCOM of Richard Lander, May 3 2009.1,2,3
- Census*: April 1901; Lot 3 Saskatoon Ave., Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Age 1 at 1901 Census: see John B. Ferris2
? Ferris1
F, #69224, b. 8 January 1901
- Father*: John Berry Ferris1 b. 26 Oct 1859, d. 25 Jul 1920
- Mother*: Ida McCrudden1 b. 18 Aug 1862
Ureta Laura Blaby1
F, #69225, b. 1885
- Father*: John Blaby1 b. c 1855
- Mother*: Laura Ward1 b. c 1855
- Birth*: 1885; Cobourg, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Date 1885 & location Cobourg per marr. reg'n.1
- Marriage*: 8 September 1920; Cobourg, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#020525: Groom: George Matthew Ferris; Age: 49; Res.: Cobourg; Born: Campbellford; Status: widower; Occ.: Physician; Rel.: Meth.; Parents: James Marshall Ferris & Catherine Fralick; Bride: Ureta Laura Blaby; Age: 35; Res. & Born: Cobourg; Status: spinster; Rel.: CE; Occ.: housekeeper; Parents: John Blaby & Laura Ward; Wit.: John & Mary J. Blaby, Cobourg; Date: Sep 8 1920; Place: Cobourg; Sworn: Cobourg, Sep 4 1920; Reg'r.: W. D. Young (Ontario Marriage Registration, #020525-1920, ancestry.com); Principal=George Matthew Ferris2
- Residence*: 8 September 1920; Cobourg, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Residence Cobourg per marr. reg'n.1
- Married Name: 8 September 1920; Ferris1
Family: George Matthew Ferris b. 28 Nov 1870
John Blaby1
M, #69226, b. circa 1855
- Birth*: circa 1855; per marriage reg'n. of daughter Ureta Laura (Blaby) Ferris.1
- Marriage*: before 1880; per marriage reg'n. of daughter Ureta Laura (Blaby) Ferris.; Principal=Laura Ward1
Family: Laura Ward b. c 1855
- Ureta Laura Blaby1 b. 1885
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
Laura Ward1
F, #69227, b. circa 1855
- Birth*: circa 1855; per marriage reg'n. of daughter Ureta Laura (Blaby) Ferris.1
- Marriage*: before 1880; per marriage reg'n. of daughter Ureta Laura (Blaby) Ferris.; Principal=John Blaby1
- Married Name: before 1880; Blaby1
Family: John Blaby b. c 1855
- Ureta Laura Blaby1 b. 1885
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
James Alexander Stewart1,2,3
M, #69228, b. 26 December 1863, d. 7 March 1934
- Father*: Robert Stewart2 b. c 1835
- Mother*: Hannah Bannerman2 b. c 1835
- Birth*: 26 December 1863; West Qwillimbury Twp., Bradford, Simcoe Co., Ontario; Date 1863 & location Ont. per Death Reg'n. Date Dec 1863? & location Ont. per 1911 Census. Date Dec 26 1863 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census. Date 1863 & location Bradford per marr. reg'n.2,4,5,3
- Marriage*: 15 August 1894; Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#008550: Groom: James Alexander Stewart; Age: 30; Res.: Brussels; Born: Bradford; Status: bachelor; Occ.: Banker; Parents: Robert Stewart & Hannah (Dannerman?); Bride: Margaret Jane Ferris; Age: 26; Res. & Born: Campbellford; Status: spinster; Parents: James M. Ferris & Catherine Fralick; Wit.: George M. Ferris, Campbellford & Miss McCallum, Cobourg; Date: Aug 15 1894; Place: Campbellford; Rel.: Pres. & Meth.; Performed by: J. Anderson; Reg'r.: Daniel Kennedy (Ontario Marriage Registration, #008550-1894, ancestry.com); Principal=Margaret Jane Ferris6
- Death*: 7 March 1934; 6 Oriole Rd., Toronto, York Co., Ontario; Death Reg'n.#002683: Name: James A. Stewart; Date: Mar 7 1934; Age: 70y; Res.: 6 Oriole Rd., Toronto; Born: Ont.; Nat.: Scot.; Status: married; Occ.: retired bank manager; Parents: Robert Stewart & Hannah Bannerman, both born Scotland; Inf.: Mrs. Margaret Stewart, 6 Oriole Rd., TO, wife; Burial: Campbellford, Mar 9 1934; Und.: Arthur W. Miles, 30 St. Clair Ave. W., TO; Cause: coronary thrombosis; Phys.: John A. Oille, 1010 Med Arts Bldg, TO; Reg'd.: Mar 8 1934; Reg'r.: William Trine, Toronto (Ontario Death Registration, #002683-1934, ancestry.ca)7
- Burial*: 9 March 1934; Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Date Mar 9 1934 & location Campbellford per Death Reg'n.5
- Residence*: 15 August 1894; Morris Twp., Brussells, Huron Co., Ontario; Residence Brussells per marr. reg'n.2
- Census: April 1901; Ward 4, Toronto West, Toronto, York Co., Ontario; Age 37 at 1901 Census: Stewart, J.A.(m), 37, b. Ont. r. Dec 26 1863, Scot., Pres., bank clerk, married; Margarite, 33, b. Ont. r. Jan 17 1868, Irish, Pres., married; Robert F., 4, b. Ont. r. Apr 22 1896, Scot., Pres., son; Gordon A., 1, b. Ont. u. Apr 26 1899, Scot., Pres., son (1901 Census: City of Toronto, Ward 4, Toronto West, dist. 118, sub-dist. A-25, pg. 19, line 9 - ancestry.ca)3
- Census*: 1911; Front St., Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Age 47 at 1911 Census: Stewart, James A., 47, b. Ont. Dec 1863?, Scot, Pres., Bank Manager, married; Margaret J., 42, b. Ont. Jan 1869, Irish, Pres., married; James F, 15, b. Ont. Nov 1896, Scot., son; Gordon? A., 12, b. Ont. Mar 1899, son (1911 Census: Campbellford Village, Northumberland Co., dist. 101, sub-dist. 1, (101-32), pg. 12, line 27 - Front St. - ancestry.ca)(Note: Very poor copy of dodgy handwritting.)4
Family: Margaret Jane Ferris b. 17 Jan 1868
- Marriage*: 15 August 1894; Campbellford, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Marriage Reg'n.#008550: Groom: James Alexander Stewart; Age: 30; Res.: Brussels; Born: Bradford; Status: bachelor; Occ.: Banker; Parents: Robert Stewart & Hannah (Dannerman?); Bride: Margaret Jane Ferris; Age: 26; Res. & Born: Campbellford; Status: spinster; Parents: James M. Ferris & Catherine Fralick; Wit.: George M. Ferris, Campbellford & Miss McCallum, Cobourg; Date: Aug 15 1894; Place: Campbellford; Rel.: Pres. & Meth.; Performed by: J. Anderson; Reg'r.: Daniel Kennedy (Ontario Marriage Registration, #008550-1894, ancestry.com); Principal=Margaret Jane Ferris6
- Robert Ferris Stewart4 b. 22 Apr 1896, d. 12 Apr 1917
- Gordon A. Stewart4 b. 26 Apr 1899
Citations
- J.A. Stuart per 1901 Census.
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
- [S13] Unknown author, 1901 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S60] Unknown author, 1911 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives.
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm, #008550-1894.
- [S12] Unknown author, Ontario Death Registrations, Record Type: microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Archives, #002683-1934.
Robert Stewart1
M, #69229, b. circa 1835
- Birth*: circa 1835; per marriage reg'n. of son James Alexander Stewart.1
- Marriage*: before 1860; per marriage reg'n. of son James Alexander Stewart.; Principal=Hannah Bannerman1
Family: Hannah Bannerman b. c 1835
- James Alexander Stewart+1 b. 26 Dec 1863, d. 7 Mar 1934
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
Hannah Bannerman1,2,3
F, #69230, b. circa 1835
- Birth*: circa 1835; per marriage reg'n. of son James Alexander Stewart.2
- Marriage*: before 1860; per marriage reg'n. of son James Alexander Stewart.; Principal=Robert Stewart2
- Married Name: before 1860; Stewart2
Family: Robert Stewart b. c 1835
- James Alexander Stewart+2 b. 26 Dec 1863, d. 7 Mar 1934
John McCrudden1
M, #69231, b. circa 1840, d. before 1880
- Birth*: circa 1840; per Birth Reg'n. of daughter Margaret McCrudden.1
- Marriage*: before 1862; Ontario; per 1881 Census.; Principal=Elizabeth Ann Gay2
- Death*: before 1880; Ontario; Wife Ann McCrudden is a widow in 1881 Census.1
Family: Elizabeth Ann Gay b. 1845
- Ida McCrudden+1 b. 18 Aug 1862
- John McCrudden1 b. 1865
- Matilda McCrudden1 b. 1867
- Eliza J. McCrudden1 b. 1869
- Margaret "Maggie" McCrudden2 b. 1 Apr 1876
Elizabeth Ann Gay1,2
F, #69232, b. 1845
- Birth*: 1845; Ireland; Date 1845 & location Ireland per 1881 Census.2
- Marriage*: before 1862; Ontario; per 1881 Census.; Principal=John McCrudden2
- Married Name: before 1862; McCrudden2
- Census*: April 1881; Belleville, Hastings Co., Ontario; Age 36 at 1881 Census: McCrudden, Ann, 36, b. Ireland, Irish, C. Pres., widow; Ida, 17, b. Ont., Irish, C. Pres., Dress maker, single; John, 16, b. Ont., Irish, C. Pres., printer; Matilda, 14; Eliza J., 12; Maggie, 8 (familysearch.org)3
Family: John McCrudden b. c 1840, d. b 1880
- Ida McCrudden+2 b. 18 Aug 1862
- John McCrudden3 b. 1865
- Matilda McCrudden3 b. 1867
- Eliza J. McCrudden3 b. 1869
- Margaret "Maggie" McCrudden2 b. 1 Apr 1876
John McCrudden1
M, #69233, b. 1865
- Father*: John McCrudden1 b. c 1840, d. b 1880
- Mother*: Elizabeth Ann Gay1 b. 1845
- Birth*: 1865; Ontario; Date 1865 & location Ont. per 1881 Census.1
- Census*: April 1881; Belleville, Hastings Co., Ontario; Age 16 at 1881 Census: see Ann McCrudden (mother)1
Citations
- [S16] Unknown author, 1881 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Matilda McCrudden1
F, #69234, b. 1867
- Father*: John McCrudden1 b. c 1840, d. b 1880
- Mother*: Elizabeth Ann Gay1 b. 1845
- Birth*: 1867; Ontario; Date 1867 & location Ont. per 1881 Census.1
- Census*: April 1881; Belleville, Hastings Co., Ontario; Age 14 at 1881 Census: see Ann McCrudden (mother)1
Citations
- [S16] Unknown author, 1881 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Eliza J. McCrudden1
F, #69235, b. 1869
- Father*: John McCrudden1 b. c 1840, d. b 1880
- Mother*: Elizabeth Ann Gay1 b. 1845
- Birth*: 1869; Ontario; Date 1869 & location Ont. per 1881 Census.1
- Census*: April 1881; Belleville, Hastings Co., Ontario; Age 12 at 1881 Census: see Ann McCrudden (mother)1
Citations
- [S16] Unknown author, 1881 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Margaret "Maggie" McCrudden1
F, #69236, b. 1 April 1876
- Father*: John McCrudden1 b. c 1840, d. b 1880
- Mother*: Elizabeth Ann Gay1 b. 1845
- Birth*: 1 April 1876; Belleville, Hastings Co., Ontario; Birth Reg'n.#009783: Name: Margaret McCrudden; Date: Apr 1 1876; Parents: John McCrudden & Elizabeth Ann Gay; Inf.: John McCrudden, Policeman, Belleville; Reg'd.: May 1 1876; Phys. Dr. Hope; Reg'r.: R. Newbury, Belleville (Ontario Birth Registration, #009783-1876, ancestry.com)2
- Census*: April 1881; Belleville, Hastings Co., Ontario; Age 8 at 1881 Census: see Ann McCrudden (mother)3
Citations
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth).
- [S4] Unknown author, Ontario Birth Registrations, Record Type: Microfilm, Name Of Person: Ontario Achives (birth), #009783-1876.
- [S16] Unknown author, 1881 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
Cyrus Kern1
M, #69237, b. circa 1865
- Birth*: circa 1865; per marriage reg'n. of son Thomas John Kern.1
- Marriage*: before 1890; per marriage reg'n. of son Thomas John Kern.; Principal=Emily Walker1
Family: Emily Walker b. c 1865
- Thomas John Kern1 b. 1894
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
Emily Walker1
F, #69238, b. circa 1865
- Birth*: circa 1865; per marriage reg'n. of son Thomas John Kern.1
- Marriage*: before 1890; per marriage reg'n. of son Thomas John Kern.; Principal=Cyrus Kern1
- Married Name: before 1890; Kern1
Family: Cyrus Kern b. c 1865
- Thomas John Kern1 b. 1894
Citations
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
Robert Ferris Stewart1,2,3
M, #69239, b. 22 April 1896, d. 12 April 1917
- Father*: James Alexander Stewart2 b. 26 Dec 1863, d. 7 Mar 1934
- Mother*: Margaret Jane Ferris2 b. 17 Jan 1868
- Birth*: 22 April 1896; Ontario; Date Apr. 1896 & location Ont. per 1911 Census. Date Apr 22 1896 & location Ont. rural per 1901 Census.2,3
- Death*: 12 April 1917; England; War Graves Registers: Name: R. F. Stewart; Date of Death: Apr 12 1917; Cause & Place: "died of wounds" place not stated; Burial: Quatre-Vent Military Cemetery, "5 1/2 miles west of Souchie" (Canada, CEF Commonwealth War Graves Registers, pg. 499 of 1132, ancecstry.ca)
"Stewart: In England, on April 12th, 1917, Pte. Robert Ferris Stewart, son of Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Stewart, Campbellford, in his twenty-first year." from pg. 053 of Newspaper Clippings, a collection donated by Shawnee Spencer to the Brighton Digital Archives, 2022.4 - Burial*: 15 April 1917; Quatre-Vent Military Cemetery, Cainbligveue, France; Location per War Graves Register - "5 1/2 miles west of Souchey" Plot 1 row C Grave 2.4
Gordon A. Stewart1
M, #69240, b. 26 April 1899
- Father*: James Alexander Stewart1 b. 26 Dec 1863, d. 7 Mar 1934
- Mother*: Margaret Jane Ferris1 b. 17 Jan 1868
Elizabeth Rannie1
F, #69241, b. 1823, d. 22 February 1880
- Father*: William Rannie1 b. 8 May 1787, d. 2 Aug 1873
- Mother*: Christina Skinner1 b. 27 Oct 1798, d. 16 Nov 1839
- Birth*: 1823; Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Date 1823 per Memorial - age 57 at death Feb 26 1880. Date 1822 & location Scotland per 1861 Census. Date 1822 & location Scotland per 1851 Census.1,2,3,4
- Marriage*: circa 1842; Canada West; per 1851 Census. per Memorial. NOT married per 1841 Scotland Census but Alexander Starcken is living with the family per the 1841 Census record for William Rannie.; Principal=Alexander Strachan1,2
- Death*: 22 February 1880; Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., Ontario; Cemetery records show burial Feb 24 1880, so guessing death date of Feb 22 1880 - CemSearch.1,4
- Burial*: 24 February 1880; Burnbrae Cemetery, Seymour Twp., Burnbrae, Northumberland Co., Ontario; Memorial: (See Exhbit) In; Memory of; Alexander Stachan; Who Died; Nov. 22 1855; Aged 37 Years; Also; Elizabeth Rannie; His Wife Who Died; Feb. 26 1880; Aged 51? Years (Brunbrae Cemetery, Seymour Twp., Aug 11, 2006)
CemSearch: Name: Elizabeth Strachan; Maiden: Rannie; Born: - ; Died: Feb 26 1880; Age: 57; ID: BURNBR154; Other names: Strachan, Alexander ( -1855); Cemetery: Burnbrae Cemetery, Conc 5, Lot 22, Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co.; Note: Native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, wife of Alexander Strachan, buried Feb 24 1880. (https://www.cemsearch.ca/burial/?pid=BURNBR154%5E1)1
- Census: 1841; Invernorth, Rathan, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Age 15 at 1841 Scotland Census: see William Rannie5
- Married Name: circa 1842; Strachan1
- Census*: 1852; Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., Canada West; Age 29 at 1851 Census: see Alexander Strachan2
- Census: April 1861; Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., Canada West; Age 39 at 1861 Census: Strachan, Elizabeth, 39, b. Scotland, CS, farmer, widow; Mary, 19, b. UC, CS, single; James, 15; Alexander, 11; Susan, 9; John, 7 (1861 Census: Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., pg. 202 of 899, line 49 - ancestry.com)3
- Residence*: April 1861; Conc 4 Lot 22, Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., Canada West; 1861 Agr. Census: Name: Mrs. Elizabeth Strachan; Conc: 4; Lot: north quarter Lot 22; Acres: 50 (1861 Agricultural Census, Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., pg. 258 of 899, ancestry.ca)3
Family: Alexander Strachan b. 1818, d. 22 Nov 1855
- Marriage*: circa 1842; Canada West; per 1851 Census. per Memorial. NOT married per 1841 Scotland Census but Alexander Starcken is living with the family per the 1841 Census record for William Rannie.; Principal=Alexander Strachan1,2
- Mary Strachan+2 b. 1843, d. 1 Jul 1884
- Elizabeth Strachan+2 b. 21 Mar 1844, d. 28 Jun 1911
- James Strachan2 b. 1846, d. 22 Dec 1905
- Alexander Strachan2 b. 1849
- Susan Strachan6 b. 1853, d. 9 Feb 1886
- John Strachan3 b. 1856, d. 16 Dec 1902
Citations
- [S15] Unknown author, Tombstone Inscription.
- [S11] Unknown author, 1851 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S10] Unknown author, 1861 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S39] Unknown name of person unknown record type, unknown repository, unknown repository address.
- [S191] Unknown author, 1841 Scotland Census.
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
Alexander Strachan1
M, #69242, b. 1818, d. 22 November 1855
- Father*: Alexander Strachan2 b. c 1785, d. c 1835
- Mother*: Mary Birnie2 b. c 1785, d. c 1840
- Birth*: 1818; Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Date 1818 per Memorial - age 37 at death Nov 22 1855. Date 1818 & location Aberdeenshire, Scotland per CemSearch. Date 1817 & location Scotland per 1851 Census. Date 1818 & location Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland per family tree of Alex Hume on ancestry.ca, Apr 22 2021.1,3,2,4
- Marriage*: circa 1842; Canada West; per 1851 Census. per Memorial. NOT married per 1841 Scotland Census but Alexander Starcken is living with the family per the 1841 Census record for William Rannie.; Principal=Elizabeth Rannie1,3
- Death*: 22 November 1855; Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., Canada West; Date Nov 22 1855 per Memorial.1
- Burial*: 24 November 1855; Burnbrae Cemetery, Seymour Twp., Burnbrae, Northumberland Co., Canada West; Memorial: (See Exhbit) In; Memory of; Alexander Stachan; Who Died; Nov. 22 1855; Aged 37 Years; Also; Elizabeth Rannie; His Wife Who Died; Feb. 26 1880; Aged 51? Years (Brunbrae Cemetery, Seymour Twp., Aug 11, 2006)
CemSearch: Name: Alexander Strachan; Born: - ; Died: Nov 22 1855; Age: 37; ID: BURNBR154; Other names: Strachan, Elizabeth [Rannie]( -1880); Cemetery: Burnbrae Cemetery, Conc 5, Lot 22, Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co.; Note: Native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland (https://www.cemsearch.ca/burial/?pid=BURNBR154%5E0)1,4
- Census: 1841; Invernorth, Rathen, Aberdeenshire, Scotland; Age 20 at 1841 Scotland Census: see William Rannie (future father-in-law)5
- Census*: 1852; Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., Canada West; Age 34 at 1851 Census: Strachan, Alexander, 34, b. Scotland, Pres., farmer & blacksmith, married; Elizabeth, 29, b. Scotland, Pres., married; Mary, 10, b. Cda., Pres.; Elizabeth, 7; James, 6; Alexander, 2 (1851 Census: Seymour Twp., pg. 92 of 130, line 18)3
- Residence*: 1852; Conc 4 Lot 22, Seymour Twp., Northumberland Co., Canada West; 1851 Agr Census: Name: Alexander Strachan; Conc: 4; Lot: north quarter Lot 22; Acres: 50 (1851 Agricultural Census, Seymour Twp. (Haldimand), Northumberland Co., pg. 86 of 163, ancestry.ca)
Note: This page has been mis-filed!! This is clearly Seymour Township people but it is filed under Haldimand. There is no township name on the page, so someone guessed. (Dan Buchanan, May 7 2021)3
Family: Elizabeth Rannie b. 1823, d. 22 Feb 1880
- Marriage*: circa 1842; Canada West; per 1851 Census. per Memorial. NOT married per 1841 Scotland Census but Alexander Starcken is living with the family per the 1841 Census record for William Rannie.; Principal=Elizabeth Rannie1,3
- Mary Strachan+3 b. 1843, d. 1 Jul 1884
- Elizabeth Strachan+3 b. 21 Mar 1844, d. 28 Jun 1911
- James Strachan3 b. 1846, d. 22 Dec 1905
- Alexander Strachan3 b. 1849
- Susan Strachan6 b. 1853, d. 9 Feb 1886
- John Strachan7 b. 1856, d. 16 Dec 1902
Citations
- [S15] Unknown author, Tombstone Inscription.
- [S82] Tree on Ancestry.com, online unknown url.
- [S11] Unknown author, 1851 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.
- [S39] Unknown name of person unknown record type, unknown repository, unknown repository address.
- [S191] Unknown author, 1841 Scotland Census.
- [S8] Unknown author, Ontario Archives, Record Type: Microfilm.
- [S10] Unknown author, 1861 Canada Census, Record Type: microfilm.